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HERM 475: World Heritage Studies II (Rev. 1) Report a Broken Link

Unit 1: Global Strategy for a Representative and Credible World Heritage List

Cameron, Christina, and Mechtild Rössler. Many Voices, One Vision: The Early Years of the World Heritage Convention. Ashgate, 2013. 

Please read pages 90–96. 
Jokilehto, Jukka, Henry Cleere, Susan Denyer, and Michael Petzet. The World Heritage List: Filling the Gaps – An Action Plan for the Future. ICOMOS, 2005. 
UNESCO. “A Representative, Balanced and Credible World Heritage List.” In Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the World Heritage Convention. World Heritage Centre, 2023. 

Please read paragraphs 54–60 of the 2023 version. 
UNESCO. Expert Meeting on the "Global Strategy" and Thematic Studies for a Representative World Heritage List. Paris, 13 October 1994, WHC-94/conf.003/inf. 6. 
UNESCO. “Global Strategy.” 
UNESCO. Item 16 of the Provisional Agenda: Global Study. Seventeenth Session of the World Heritage Committee in Cartagena, 6–11 December 1993, WHC/93/CONF.002/8. 
UNESCO. Independent Evaluation by the UNESCO External Auditor. Implementation of the Global Strategy for the Credible, Balanced and Representative World Heritage List. Thirty-Fifth Session of the World Heritage Committee in Paris, 11–29 June 2011, WHC-11/35.COM/inf.9A. 

Please read pages 6–8 and 38–63. 
UNESCO. Report of the Rapporteur of the Sixteenth Session of the World Heritage Committee at Santa Fe, 7–16 December 1992. 

Please read Annex II.  
UNESCO. World Heritage Oral Archives, Canada Research Chair on Built Heritage, University of Montreal. Audio Interview of Herb Stovel, by Christina Cameron. Ottawa, Canada, 3 February, 16 March, and 5 April 2011. 

Please listen to Capsule 2b, “Role of Advisory Bodies in the Development and Implementation of the Global Strategy.” 

Unit 2: Culture–Nature Relationships

Buckley, Kristal, Gwenaëlle Bourdin, Maureen Pelletier, Leanna Wigboldus, Luisa DeMarco, and Tim Badman. “Connecting Practice: Operationalizing Concepts and Strategies for Integrating Natural and Cultural Heritage in the World Heritage Convention.” In US/ICOMOS Symposium: Forward Together: A Culture–Nature Journey Towards More Effective Conservation in a Changing World, The Presidio, San Francisco, California, November 13–14, 2018. Washington, DC: US/ICOMOS, 2019.
De Marco, Luisa, Gwenaëlle Bourdin, Kristal Buckley, Leticia Leitão, and Maureen Thibault. Connecting Practice Phase III: Final Report. ICOMOS, IUCN, et al., 2020.
Huber, Martin, Daniela Zollner, Sabine Pecher, and Lukas Wolf. Mid-Term Programme Evaluation: World Heritage Leadership – Final Evaluation Report. E.C.O. Institute for Ecology, 2020.
Larsen, Peter Bille, and Gamini Wijesuriya. “Nature–Culture Interlinkages in World Heritage: Bridging the Gap.” The George Wright Forum 34, no. 2 (2017): 142–53.
Mitchell, Nora J. “Journeys at the Intersection of Culture and Nature: Towards Integrated Approaches to Conservation.” In Evolving Heritage Conservation Practice in the 21st Century, edited by Christina Cameron, 155–72. Springer, 2023.
PANORAMA. “Connecting Practice Project: Bridging the Gap between Nature and Culture in World Heritage.” Updated 15 July 2021.
Rössler, Mechtild. “Linking Nature and Culture: World Heritage Cultural Landscapes.” In World Heritage Papers 7: Cultural Landscapes: The Challenges of Conservation, 10–15. UNESCO, 2002.
UNESCO. Item 9 of the Provisional Agenda: Global Strategy for a Representative, Balanced and Credible World Heritage List—Reflections on Processes for Mixed Nominations. Thirty-Eighth Session of the World Heritage Committee in Doha, 15–25 June 2014, WHC-14/38.COM/9B.

Unit 3: Climate Change and World Heritage

Climate Vulnerability Index (CVI). Climate Vulnerability Index (CVI). 2025.
ICOMOS Climate Action Working Group. Climate Change Adaptation. 2025.
ICUN. "Climate Change." 2025.
Jones, Rebecca H., Mairi H. Davies, Jon C. Day, and Scott F. Heron. “Developing Climate Risk Assessments for World Heritage: The Climate Vulnerability Index.” Internet Archaeology 60 (2022).
Marsh, Helene, Anita Smith, and Greg Terrill. “World Heritage and the Challenge of Climate Change: A Reform Agenda.” International Journal of Heritage Studies 29, nos. 1–2 (2023): 39–48.
UNESCO. Item 8 of the Provisional Agenda: Updated Policy Document on Climate Action for World Heritage. Twenty-Fourth Session of the General Assembly in Paris, 22–23 November 2023, WHC/23/24.GA/INF.8. 

Please read pages 3–22.
ICOMOS Climate Change and Cultural Heritage Working Group. The Future of Our Pasts: Engaging Cultural Heritage in Climate Action—Outline of Climate Change and Cultural Heritage. ICOMOS, 2019. 

Please read pages 1–23.

Unit 4: Indigenous Peoples and World Heritage

Cameron, Christina, and Mechtild Rössler. Many Voices, One Vision: The Early Years of the World Heritage Convention. Farnham: Ashgate, 2013. 

Please read the section called “Traditional Management” on pages 122–23. 
Cameron Christina, and Mechtild Rössler. “World Heritage and Indigenous Peoples: The Evolution of an Important Relationship.” World Heritage Review, no. 62 (February 2012), 46–51.
Disko, Stefan, and Helen Tugendhat. “World Heritage and Indigenous Peoples – A Call to Action.” In International Expert Workshop on the World Heritage Convention and Indigenous Peoples, Copenhagen: International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs, 2013.

Please read pages 60–63 and Annexes 1, 2, and 3. 
“Áísínai’pi,” Images on Stone. Musée de la Civilisation, 2026. 
IIPFWH. “International Indigenous Peoples’ Forum on World Heritage.” 
“Interview with Myrna Cunningham, Chair of the United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues (UNPFII).” World Heritage Review, no. 62 (February 2012), 54–57.
Te Heuheu, Tumu, Merata Kawharu, and R. Ariihau Tuheiava. “World Heritage and Indigeneity.” World Heritage Review, no. 62 (February 2012), 8–17.
UNESCO. UNESCO’s Engagement with Indigenous Peoples, 2018.
UNESCO. Decisions Adopted by the World Heritage Committee at Its 35th Session. Paris, 19–29 June 2011, WHC-11/35.COM/20.

Please read Decision 12D, #10 (p. 272) and Decision 12E, #15e and #15f (p. 274).
UNESCO. Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the World Heritage Convention. 2023. 
UNESCO. “World Heritage and Indigenous Peoples.” World Heritage Convention. 
UNESCO. “World Heritage List.” World Heritage Convention.
United Nations. “United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples.” Department of Economic and Social Affairs: Social Inclusion, 2007. 

Unit 5: Sustainable Development and World Heritage

Giliberto, Francesca, and Sophia Labadi. “Harnessing Cultural Heritage for Sustainable Development: An Analysis of Three Internationally Funded Projects in MENA Countries.” International Journal of Heritage Studies 28, no. 2 (2022): 133–46. 
Labadi, Sophia, Francesca Giliberto, Ilaria Rosetti, Linda Shetabi, and Ege Yildirim. Heritage and the Sustainable Development Goals: Policy Guidance for Heritage and Development Actors. ICOMOS Sustainable Development Goals Working Group, 2021. 
Logan, William, and Peter Bille Larsen. “Policy-Making at the World Heritage-Sustainable Development Interface: Introductory Remarks.” In World Heritage and Sustainable Development: New Directions in World Heritage Management, edited by Peter Bille Larsen and William Logan. Routledge, 2018.
UNESCO. Inputs from the UNESCO World Heritage Centre to the UN High Level Political Forum on the SDGs (HLPF). 2022.
UNESCO. Policy Document for the Integration of a Sustainable Development Perspective into the Processes of the World Heritage Convention. 2015.

Scroll below the third paragraph to download the PDF of the Policy.
UNESCO. “World Heritage and Sustainable Development.” 2026.

Unit 6: World Heritage Tourism

ICOMOS. International Cultural Tourism Charter: Managing Tourism at Places of Heritage Significance. 1999.
ICOMOS. ICOMOS International Charter for Cultural Heritage Tourism: Reinforcing Cultural Heritage Protection and Community Resilience Through Responsible and Sustainable Tourism Management. 2022. 
ICOMOS International Cultural Tourism Committee (ICTC). Cultural Tourism & Visitor Management Framework by the Organization of World Heritage Cities: A Framework for Guiding Cultural Heritage Tourism and Visitor Management in Destinations Hosting World Heritage. 2023.

Please read pages 5–22.
Markham, Adam, Elena Osipova, Kathryn Lafrenz Samuels, and Astrid Caldas. World Heritage and Tourism in a Changing Climate. United Nations Environment Programme, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, and Union of Concerned Scientists, 2016. 

Please read pages 18–32. 
Rössler, Mechtild. “Balancing Tourism and Heritage Conservation: A World Heritage Context.” In Evolving Heritage Conservation Practice in the 21st Century, edited by Christina Cameron, 207–18. Springer, 2023.
World Tourism Organization, Centre of Expertise Leisure, Tourism & Hospitality, NHTV Breda University of Applied Sciences, and NHL Stenden University of Applied Sciences, eds. Executive Summary of “Overtourism”?—Understanding and Managing Urban Tourism Growth Beyond Perceptions. UNWTO, 2019. 

Unit 7: Capacity Building for World Heritage

Cameron, Christina, and Mechtild Rössler. Many Voices, One Vision: The Early Years of the World Heritage Convention. Ashgate, 2013. 

Please read pages 197–201.
ICCROM/IUCN. “Solutions Connected with ICCROM-IUCN World Heritage Leadership.” PANORAMA: Solutions for a Healthy Planet. 
ICCROM/IUCN. World Heritage Leadership.
Jokilehto, Jukka. ICCROM and the Conservation of Cultural Heritage:  A History of the Organization’s First 50 Years, 1959–2009. ICCROM, 2011. 

Please read pages 107, 112, 116, and 132–35.
UNESCO. “Category 2 Centres.”
UNESCO. “Global Training Strategy for World Heritage Cultural and Natural Heritage.” In Report of the Twenty-Fifth Session of the World Heritage Committee. Session held in Helsinki, Finland, 11–16 December 2001, WHC-01/CONF.208/24. 

Please read Annex X, pages 145–48. 
UNESCO. Patrimonito’s World Heritage Adventures. 

Please watch Episode 12 “China, The Great Wall” and Episode 4 “Ethiopia, Lalibela.” 
UNESCO. “Rock Hewn Churches, Lalibela, Ethiopia.”
UNESCO. “The Great Wall, China.”
UNESCO. “World Heritage and Universities.”

Unit 8: New Heritage Approaches

Cameron, Christina. “The Evolution of the Concept of Outstanding Universal Value.” In Conserving the Authentic: Essays in Honour of Jukka Jokilehto, edited by Nicholas Stanley-Price and Joseph King, 127–36. Conservation Studies 10. ICCROM, 2009.
Mitchell, Nora J. “Journeys at the Intersection of Culture and Nature: Towards Integrated Approaches to Heritage Conservation.” In Evolving Heritage Conservation Practice in the 21st Century, edited by Christina Cameron. Springer, 2023. 

Please read section 10.2 Milestones on a Journey, pages 158–64.
UNESCO. Expert Meeting on the "Global Strategy" and Thematic Studies for a Representative World Heritage List. Paris, 13 October 1994, WHC-94/conf.003/inf. 6. 
UNESCO. Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the World Heritage Convention. 2023. 

Please read paragraphs 137–39. 
UNESCO. Report on the Expert Meeting on Heritage Canals, Canada, September 1994. WHC-94/conf.003/inf. 
UNESCO. “World Heritage List.”

Unit 9: Future Directions for World Heritage

Cameron, Christina. “Conclusion.” In Interdisciplinarity and Heritage Conservation: From Theory to Practice. Proceedings of the Round Table held in Montreal, 11–13 March 2015, edited by Christina Cameron and Hélène Santoni, 147–55. Canada Research Chair on Built Heritage, 2015. 
Cameron, Christina, and Olwen Beazley. Study on Sites Associated with Recent Conflicts and Other Negative and Divisive Memories. UNESCO, 2020. 

Please read Parts 4, 6, and 7. 
Ellis Wong, Christie. “Looking Back, Stepping Forward: Student Perspectives on Fourteen Round Tables.” In Evolving Heritage Conservation Practice in the 21st Century, edited by Christina Cameron, 235–48. Springer, 2023.  
UNESCO. “Outcomes of the Open-Ended Working Group on Sites of Memory Associated with Recent Conflicts.” In Report of the Decisions Adopted by the World Heritage Committee at Its 18th Extraordinary Session, Paris, 24–25 January 2023. WHC/23/18.EXT.COM/6. 

Please read pages 3–6.
UNESCO. “Reflections on Sites Associated with Memories of Recent Conflicts and Other Negative and Divisive Issues.” 
UNESCO. World Heritage Oral Archives, Canada Research Chair on Built Heritage, University of Montreal. Audio interview of Irina Bokova, by Christina Cameron and Eng Sengsavang. Paris, France, 18 May 2018. 

Please listen to Capsule 5, “International Destruction of World Heritage.”