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ENGL 344: American Literature I (Rev. C6 & C7) Report a Broken Link

This course introduces students to American literature, its history and development, and its rich variety of forms and techniques. It surveys American literature from its beginnings to approximately 1900 and includes Native orators, Puritan authors, writers of the Enlightenment and Romantic periods, slave narratives, and works that would set the stage for the entry of the United States into the literary world of the twentieth century.

Lesson 1

"Oral Tradition in Native America." Winged Messenger Nations: Birds in American Indian Oral Tradition, https://nativeede.wixsite.com/wingedmessenger/oral-tradition-in-native-america. Accessed 23 June 2022.
Early Native American Literature. http://nativeamericanwriters.com. Accessed 23 June 2022.
Campbell, Donna M. Brief Timeline of American Literature and Events: 1700–1749. Washington State University, 4 July 2013, https://public.wsu.edu/~campbelld/amlit/1701.htm. Accessed 23 June 2022.
“An Overview of American Literature.” The Norton Anthology of American Literature, edited by Nina Baym. Deer Valley Unified School District, https://www.dvusd.org/cms/lib/AZ01901092/Centricity/Domain/2755/An%20Overview%20of%20American%20Literature.pdf. Accessed 23 June 2022.
VanSpanckeren, Kathryn. "Early American and Colonial Period to 1776." Outline of American Literature. United States Information Agency. U.S. Diplomatic Mission to Germany, https://usa.usembassy.de/etexts/oal/lit1.htm. Accessed 23 June 2022.
Murtagh, Lindsey. "Iroquois Creation Myth." Common Elements in Creation Myths. Williams College Computer Science Department, https://www.cs.williams.edu/~lindsey/myths/myths_12.html. Accessed 23 June 2022.
"iroquois creation story." YouTube, uploaded by Robin Wood, 3 May 2015, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iGTcgBREQF0.
"Pima Creation Story."  Course Documents for ENG 230: Introduction to Environmental Literature, University of Oregon blog, July 2012, https://blogs.uoregon.edu/environmentalliterature230/files/2012/07/Pima-Creation-Story-s6dyv5.pdf. Accessed 23 June 2022.
Genesis 1–3. King James Version, Bible Gateway, https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Genesis+1-3&version=KJV.
Genesis 4–15. King James Version, Bible Gateway, https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Genesis+4-15&version=KJV

Lesson 2

Moore, John. “Pilgrims, Puritans, and the Importance of the Unexceptional.” The Ampersand, Washington University in St. Louis, 17 November 2020. https://artsci.wustl.edu/ampersand/pilgrims-puritans-and-importance-unexceptional.
Studies Weekly. "Pilgrims and Puritans." YouTube, uploaded by Rebecca Paver, 4 February 2019, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LjwjWwVIGAo.
"Boston History in a Minute: John Winthrop." YouTube, uploaded by Ye Olde Tavern Tours, 12 October 2015, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8psobkdtgUU.
Winthrope, John. A Model of Christian Charity, edited by Sarah Morgan Smith, Ellen Deitz Tucker, and David Tucker, Teaching American History, Ashland University. https://teachingamericanhistory.org/document/a-model-of-christian-charity-2. Accessed 23 June 2022.
Woodlief, Ann. "Anne Bradstreet: Biography." Virginia Commonwealth University, https://archive.vcu.edu/english/engweb/webtexts/Bradstreet/bradbio.htm. Accessed 23 June 2022.
"Anne Bradstreet, 1612–1672." Poetry Foundation, https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poets/anne-bradstreet. Accessed 23 June 2022.
Bradstreet, Anne. "Prologue." Poetry Foundation, https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems/43705/prologue-56d22283c12e1. Accessed 23 June 2022.
Bradstreet, Anne. "Contemplations." Poetry Foundation, https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems/43699/contemplations. Accessed 23 June 2022.
Bradstreet, Anne. "The Author to Her Book." Poetry Foundation, https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems/43697/the-author-to-her-book. Accessed 23 June 2022.
Bradstreet, Anne. "Before the Birth of One of Her Children." Poetry Foundation, https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems/46450/before-the-birth-of-one-of-her-children. Accessed 23 June 2022.
Bradstreet, Anne. "To My Dear and Loving Husband." Poetry Foundation, https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems/43706/to-my-dear-and-loving-husband. Accessed 23 June 2022.
Bradstreet, Anne. "A Letter to her Husband, Absent upon Publick Employment." Poetry Foundation, https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems/50288/a-letter-to-her-husband-absent-upon-publick-employment. Accessed 23 June 2022.
Bradstreet, Anne. "In Memory of My Dear Grandchild Elizabeth Bradstreet, Who Deceased August, 1665 Being a Year and a Half Old." Wikisource, https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/In_Memory_of_My_Dear_Grandchild_Elizabeth_Bradstreet,_Who_Deceased_August,_1665_Being_a_Year_and_a_Half_Old. Accessed 23 June 2022.
Bradstreet, Anne. "Verses upon the Burning of our House, July 10th, 1666." Poetry Foundation, https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems/43707/verses-upon-the-burning-of-our-house-july-10th-1666. Accessed 23 June 2022.
Bradstreet, Anne. "Letter: To My Dear Children." The Open Anthology of Earlier American Literature, edited by Robin DeRosa, Pressbooks, 2018, https://openamlit.pressbooks.com/chapter/letter-to-my-dear-children. Accessed 23 June 2022.
Bradstreet, Anne. "In Honour of that High and Mighty Princess, Queen Elizabeth." Poetry Foundation, https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems/43703/in-honour-of-that-high-and-mighty-princess-queen-elizabeth. Accessed 23 June 2022.
"Edward Taylor, 1642–1729." Poetry Foundation, https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poets/edward-taylor. Accessed 23 June 2022.
Taylor, Edward. "Prologue from Preparatory Meditations Before My Approach to The Lord's Supper." All Poetry, https://allpoetry.com/Prologue-from-Preparatory-Meditations-Before-My-Approach-to-The-Lord's-Supper. Accessed 23 June 2022.
Taylor, Edward. "Meditation 8." English 212, Louisiana Tech University, https://www2.latech.edu/~bmagee/212/taylor/Taylor_notes.htm. Accessed 23 June 2022.
Taylor, Edward. "Meditation 42: Rev. 3.22. I will give Him to sit with me in my Throne." Poetry Nook, https://www.poetrynook.com/poem/meditation-42-rev-322-i-will-give-him-sit-me-my-throne. Accessed 23 June 2022.
Taylor, Edward. "Meditation 150." Poetry Nook, https://www.poetrynook.com/poem/meditation-150. Accessed 23 June 2022.

Lesson 3

"Nathaniel Hawthorne, 1804–1864." Poetry Foundation, https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poets/nathaniel-hawthorne. Accessed 23 June 2022.
"Nathaniel Hawthorne Biography (1804–1864)." Biography, 24 November 2014, https://www.biography.com/writer/nathaniel-hawthorne. Accessed 23 June 2022.
Colacurcio, Michael J. "Footsteps of Ann Hutchinson: The Context of The Scarlet Letter." ELH, vol. 39, no. 3, 1972, pp. 459–494. https://doi.org/10.2307/2872195.

Lesson 4

"A Quick Biography of Benjamin Franklin." USHistory.org, https://www.ushistory.org/franklin/info/index.htm. Accessed 23 June 2022.
Franklin, Benjamin. “I. Ancestry and Early Life in Boston.” Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin, Henry Holt and Company, 1916. Project Gutenberg, October 19, 2022. https://www.gutenberg.org/files/20203/20203-h/20203-h.htm. Accessed 24 October 2022.
Franklin, Benjamin. “II. Beginning Life as a Printer.” Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin, Henry Holt and Company, 1916. Project Gutenberg, October 19, 2022. https://www.gutenberg.org/files/20203/20203-h/20203-h.htm. Accessed 24 October 2022.
Franklin, Benjamin. “III. Arrival in Philadelphia.” Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin, Henry Holt and Company, 1916. Project Gutenberg, October 19, 2022. https://www.gutenberg.org/files/20203/20203-h/20203-h.htm. Accessed 24 October 2022.
Franklin, Benjamin. “IV. First Visit to Boston.” Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin, Henry Holt and Company, 1916. Project Gutenberg, October 19, 2022. https://www.gutenberg.org/files/20203/20203-h/20203-h.htm. Accessed 24 October 2022.
Franklin, Benjamin. “V. Early Friends in Philadelphia.” Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin, Henry Holt and Company, 1916. Project Gutenberg, October 19, 2022. https://www.gutenberg.org/files/20203/20203-h/20203-h.htm. Accessed 24 October 2022.
Franklin, Benjamin. “VI. First Visit to London.” Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin, Henry Holt and Company, 1916. Project Gutenberg, October 19, 2022. https://www.gutenberg.org/files/20203/20203-h/20203-h.htm. Accessed 24 October 2022.
Franklin, Benjamin. “VII. Beginning Business in Philadelphia.” Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin, Henry Holt and Company, 1916. Project Gutenberg, October 19, 2022. https://www.gutenberg.org/files/20203/20203-h/20203-h.htm. Accessed 24 October 2022.
Franklin, Benjamin. “VIII. Business Success and First Public Service.” Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin, Henry Holt and Company, 1916. Project Gutenberg, October 19, 2022. https://www.gutenberg.org/files/20203/20203-h/20203-h.htm. Accessed 24 October 2022.
Franklin, Benjamin. “IX. Plan for Attaining Moral Perfection.” Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin, Henry Holt and Company, 1916. Project Gutenberg, October 19, 2022. https://www.gutenberg.org/files/20203/20203-h/20203-h.htm. Accessed 24 October 2022.
"J. Hector St. John de Crevecoeur." Virtualology.com, http://virtualology.com/jhectorstjohndecrevecoeur. Accessed 23 June 2022.
de Crèvecoeur, J. Hector St. John. “Letter III: What Is An American.” Letters from an American Farmer. Lillian Goldman Law Library, Yale Law School, 2008. https://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/letter_03.asp. Accessed 23 June 2022.
de Crèvecoeur, J. Hector St. John. “Letter IX: Description of Charles-Town; Thoughts on Slavery; On Physical Evil; A Melancholy Scene.” Letters from an American Farmer. Lillian Goldman Law Library, Yale Law School, 2008. https://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/letter_09.asp. Accessed 23 June 2022.
History.com Editors. "Thomas Paine." A&E Television Networks, 23 October 2019. https://www.history.com/topics/american-revolution/thomas-paine. Accessed 23 June 2022.
Paine, Thomas. "Introduction to the Third Edition." Common Sense. USHistory.org, https://www.ushistory.org/paine/commonsense/sense1.htm. Accessed 23 June 2022.
Paine, Thomas. "Thoughts on the Present State of American Affairs." Common Sense. USHistory.org, https://www.ushistory.org/paine/commonsense/sense4.htm. Accessed 23 June 2022.
Paine, Thomas. "The American crisis (No. 1). By the Author of Common Sense. Boston Sold Opposite the Court House Queen Street." Boston, 19 December 1776. Library of Congress, https://www.loc.gov/resource/rbpe.03902300/?st=text. Accessed 23 June 2022.
“Thomas Jefferson: The 3rd President of the United States.” The White House, https://www.whitehouse.gov/about-the-white-house/presidents/thomas-jefferson. Accessed 23 June 2022.
History.com Editors. “Thomas Jefferson.” A&E Television Networks, 22 March 2022. https://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/thomas-jefferson. Accessed 23 June 2022.
Jefferson, Thomas. Autobiography. Lillian Goldman Law Library, Yale Law School, 2008. https://avalon.law.yale.edu/19th_century/jeffauto.asp. Accessed 23 June 2022.

Lesson 5

"What type of American literature emerged in the 1820s?" Gzipwtf.com, 11 September 2019. https://gzipwtf.com/what-type-of-american-literature-emerged-in-the-1820s. Accessed 23 June 2022.
Cowan, Donna. “Period Introduction Overview 1820–1865: American Literature 1820–1865” English 244: American Literature I, Bellevue College, Fall 2017. https://bc.instructure.com/courses/1463632/pages/period-introduction-overview-1820-1865. Accessed 23 June 2022.
“Washington Irving Biography.” Encyclopedia of World Biography. https://www.notablebiographies.com/Ho-Jo/Irving-Washington.html. Accessed 23 June 2022.
Lombardi, Esther. “Biography of Washington Irving, Father of the American Short Story.” ThoughtCo., 30 January 2020. https://www.thoughtco.com/washington-irving-biography-735849. Accessed 23 June 2022.
Irving, Washington. "Rip Van Winkle." The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, C. S. Van Winkle, 1820. American Short Fiction, Lit2Go Edition. https://etc.usf.edu/lit2go/171/american-short-fiction/3461/rip-van-winkle/. Accessed 23 June 2022.
Evans, Sarah, Abby Fifer, and Jenn Reynolds. "Biography of James Fenimore Cooper (1789–1851).” James Fenimore Cooper: A Literary Pioneer. https://web.archive.org/web/20171225053348/http://xroads.virginia.edu/~ug02/cooper/toc.html. Accessed 16 May 2024.
Cooper, James Fenimore. "Chapter 3." The Last of the Mohicans, H.C. Carey and I. Lea, 1826. Lit2Go Edition. https://etc.usf.edu/lit2go/26/the-last-of-the-mohicans/237/chapter-3/. 23 June 2022.
“Poe Biography.” The Poe Museum. https://poemuseum.org/poe-biography. Accessed 23 June 2022.
Poe, Edgar Allan. "The Raven." Poetry Foundation. https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems/48860/the-raven. Accessed 23 June 2022.
Poe, Edgar Allan. “The Philosophy of Composition.” Poetry Foundation. https://www.poetryfoundation.org/articles/69390/the-philosophy-of-composition. Accessed 23 June 2022.

Lesson 6

Biography.com Editors. "Ralph Waldo Emerson, Biography (1803–1882)." A&E Television Networks, 18 August 2020. https://www.biography.com/writer/ralph-waldo-emerson. Accessed 23 June 2022.
Emerson, Ralph Waldo. Nature. American Transcendentalism Web. https://archive.vcu.edu/english/engweb/transcendentalism/authors/emerson/nature.html. Accessed 23 June 2022.
Emerson, Ralph Waldo. "Self-Reliance." Essays, First Series [1841]. American Transcendentalism Web. https://archive.vcu.edu/english/engweb/transcendentalism/authors/emerson/essays/selfreliance.html. Accessed 23 June 2022.
Biography.com Editors. "Henry David Thoreau, Biography (1817–1862)." A&E Television Networks, 27 May 2021. https://www.biography.com/writer/henry-david-thoreau. Accessed 23 June 2022.
Thoreau, Henry David. Resistance to Civil Government, or Civil Disobedience. American Transcendentalism Web. https://archive.vcu.edu/english/engweb/transcendentalism/authors/thoreau/civil. Accessed 23 June 2022.
Biography.com Editors. “Margaret Fuller, Biography (1810–1850).” A&E Television Networks, 12 November 2021. https://www.biography.com/writer/margaret-fuller. Accessed 23 June 2022.
Fuller, Margaret. "The Great Lawsuit: Man versus Men. Woman versus Women." Transcendentalism: A Reader, edited by Joel Myerson, Oxford University Press, 2000, https://www.sas.upenn.edu/~cavitch/pdf-library/Fuller_GreatLawsuit.pdf. Accessed 19 October 2022.

Lesson 7

“Walt Whitman, 1819–1892.” Poets.org. https://poets.org/poet/walt-whitman. Accessed 23 June 2022.
Whitman, Walt. "Song of Myself (1892 version)." Poetry Foundation. https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems/45477/song-of-myself-1892-version. Accessed 23 June 2022.
Whitman, Walt. "Crossing Brooklyn Ferry." Poetry Foundation. https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems/45470/crossing-brooklyn-ferry. Accessed 23 June 2022.
“Emily Dickinson, 1830–1886.” Poets.org. https://poets.org/poet/emily-dickinson. Accessed 19 October 2022.
“Emily Dickinson, 1830–1886.” Poetry Foundation. https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poets/emily-dickinson. Accessed 19 October 2022.
Dickinson, Emily. "I'm Nobody! Who are you? (260)." Poets.org. https://poets.org/poem/im-nobody-who-are-you-260. Accessed 23 June 2022.
Dickinson, Emily. "Wild nights - Wild nights! (269)." Poetry Foundation. https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems/44087/wild-nights-wild-nights-269. Accessed 23 June 2022.
Dickinson, Emily. "There's a certain Slant of light, (320)." Poetry Foundation. https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems/45723/theres-a-certain-slant-of-light-320. Accessed 23 June 2022.
Dickinson, Emily. "After great pain, a formal feeling comes – (372)." Poetry Foundation. https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems/47651/after-great-pain-a-formal-feeling-comes-372. Accessed 23 June 2022.
Dickinson, Emily. "The Soul selects her own Society (F409)." White Heat. https://journeys.dartmouth.edu/whiteheat/the-soul-selects-f409. Accessed 23 June 2022.
Dickinson, Emily. "I Died For Beauty." Poem Hunter. https://www.poemhunter.com/poem/i-died-for-beauty. Accessed 23 June 2022.
Dickinson, Emily. "Because I could not stop for Death – (479)." Poetry Foundation. https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems/47652/because-i-could-not-stop-for-death-479. Accessed 23 June 2022.
Dickinson, Emily. "I heard a Fly buzz - when I died - (591)." Poetry Foundation. https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems/45703/i-heard-a-fly-buzz-when-i-died-591. Accessed 23 June 2022.
Dickinson, Emily. "The Brain—is Wider Than The Sky." Poem Hunter. https://www.poemhunter.com/poem/the-brain-is-wider-than-the-sky. Accessed 23 June 2022.
Dickinson, Emily. "Tell all the truth but tell it slant — (1263)." Poetry Foundation. https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems/56824/tell-all-the-truth-but-tell-it-slant-1263. Accessed 23 June 2022.

Lesson 8

Lesson 9

Biography.com Editors. "Herman Melville, Biography (1819–1891)." A&E Television Networks. 6 April 2021. https://www.biography.com/writer/herman-melville. Accessed 23 June 2022.

Lesson 10

Biography.com Editors. "Harriet Beecher Stowe, Biography (1811–1896)." A&E Television Networks, 4 November 2021. https://www.biography.com/activist/harriet-beecher-stowe. Accessed 23 June 2022.
Stowe, Harriet Beecher. "Chapter VII: The Mother's Struggle." Uncle Tom's Cabin, John P. Jewett, 1852. Institute for Advanced Technology in the Humanities, University of Virginia. http://utc.iath.virginia.edu/uncletom/utfihbsa7t.html. Accessed 23 June 2022.
Stowe, Harriet Beecher. "Chapter IX: In which it Appears That a Senator is but a Man." Uncle Tom's Cabin, John P. Jewett, 1852. Institute for Advanced Technology in the Humanities, University of Virginia. http://utc.iath.virginia.edu/uncletom/utfihbsa9t.html. Accessed 23 June 2022.
Stowe, Harriet Beecher. "Chapter XII: Select Incident of Lawful Trade." Uncle Tom's Cabin, John P. Jewett, 1852. Institute for Advanced Technology in the Humanities, University of Virginia. http://utc.iath.virginia.edu/uncletom/utfihbsa12t.html. Accessed 23 June 2022.

Lesson 11

Biography.com Editors. "Frederick Douglass, Biography (c. 1818–1895)." A&E Television Networks, 15 Jult 2021. https://www.biography.com/activist/frederick-douglass. Accessed 23 June 2022.
Douglass, Frederick. Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, An American Slave, Written by Himself. Anti-Slavery Office, 1845. Documenting the American South, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1999. https://docsouth.unc.edu/neh/douglass/douglass.html. Accessed 23 June 2022.
Andrews, William L. “Harriet A. Jacobs (Harriet Ann), 1813–1897.” Documenting the American South, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. https://docsouth.unc.edu/fpn/jacobs/bio.html. Accessed 23 June 2022.
Jacobs, Harriet (aka Linda Brent). “Chapter I: Childhood.” Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, Published For The Author, 1861. Project Gutenberg, 9 August 2021. https://www.gutenberg.org/files/11030/11030-h/11030-h.htm#link2H_4_0005. Accessed 23 June 2022.
Jacobs, Harriet (aka Linda Brent). “Chapter X: A Perilous Passage in the Slave Girl’s Life.” Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, Published For The Author, 1861. Project Gutenberg, 9 August 2021. https://www.gutenberg.org/files/11030/11030-h/11030-h.htm#link2H_4_0014. Accessed 23 June 2022.
Jacobs, Harriet (aka Linda Brent). “Chapter XIV: Another Link to Life.” Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, Published For The Author, 1861. Project Gutenberg, 9 August 2021. https://www.gutenberg.org/files/11030/11030-h/11030-h.htm#link2H_4_0018. Accessed 23 June 2022.
Jacobs, Harriet (aka Linda Brent). “Chapter XXI: The Loophole of Retreat.” Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, Published For The Author, 1861. Project Gutenberg, 9 August 2021. https://www.gutenberg.org/files/11030/11030-h/11030-h.htm#link2H_4_0025. Accessed 23 June 2022.
Jacobs, Harriet (aka Linda Brent). “Chapter XLI: Free at Last.” Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, Published For The Author, 1861. Project Gutenberg, 9 August 2021. https://www.gutenberg.org/files/11030/11030-h/11030-h.htm#link2H_4_0045. Accessed 23 June 2022.

Lesson 12

“Mark Twain—A Life Lived in a Rapidly Changing World: Samuel L. Clemens‚ 1835–1910.” The Mark Twain House & Museum. https://marktwainhouse.org/about/mark-twain/biography. Accessed 19 October 2022.
Twain, Mark. Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (Tom Sawyer’s Comrade). Charles L. Webster and Company, 1865. Project Gutenberg, 21 February 2021. https://www.gutenberg.org/files/76/76-h/76-h.htm. Accessed 23 June 2022.

Lesson 13

Abrams, M. H. "Definitions of Realism and Naturalism." A Glossary of Literary Terms, 5th Edition. Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1988 (152–154). English 150, University of New Mexico, Fall 2002. https://www.unm.edu/~hookster/Definitions%20of%20Realism%20and%20Naturalism.pdf. Accessed 23 June 2022.
Moore, Tony. "Stephen Crane, Biography (1871–1900)." A&E Television Networks, 25 May 2021. https://www.biography.com/writer/stephen-crane. Accessed 23 June 2022.