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Unit 1: Dating Methods of the Quaternary

References

Gibbard, P. L., & Head, H. J. (2010). The newly-ratified definition of the Quaternary System/Period and redefinition of the Pleistocene Series/Epoch, and comparison of proposals advanced prior to formal ratification. Episodes, 33(3), 152–158. https://doi.org/10.18814/epiiugs/2010/v33i3/002

Supplementary Resources

Banerji, U. S., Goswami, V., & Joshi, K. B. (2022). Quaternary dating and instrumental development: An overview. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 7, 100091. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaesx.2022.100091

Rixhon, G. (2022). A question of time: Historical overview and modern thought on Quaternary dating methods to produce fluvial chronologies. Quaternaire, 33(2). https://doi.org/10.4000/quaternaire.16705

Online Resources

Canadian Quaternary Association. (2024). About CANQUA. CANQUA Canada. Retrieved November 28, 2024, from https://www.canqua.com/

International Commission on Stratigraphy. (2024). International Commission on Stratigraphy. Retrieved November 28, 2024 from http://www.stratigraphy.org/

International Union for Quaternary Research. (2024). Promoting research on Quaternary science. INQUA. Retrieved November 28, 2024, from http://www.inqua.org/

Unit 2: Radiocarbon Dating

References

Hajdas, I. (2008). Radiocarbon dating and its applications in Quaternary studies. E&G Quaternary Science Journal, 57(1/2), 2-24. https://doi.org/10.3285/eg.57.1-2.1

Reimer, P. J., Austin, W. E. N., Bard, E., Bayliss, A., Blackwell, P. G., Ramsey, C. B., Butzin, M., Cheng, H., Edwards, R. L., Friedrich, M., Grootes, P. M., Guilderson, T. P., Hajdas, I., Heaton, T. J., Hogg, A. G., Hughen, K. A., Kromer, B., Manning, S. W., Muscheler, R., Palmer, J. G., Pearson, C., … Talamo, S. (2020). The IntCal20 northern hemisphere radiocarbon age calibration curve (0–55 cal kBP). Radiocarbon, 62(4), 725-757. https://doi.org/10.1017/RDC.2020.41

Online Resources

IntCal. (2023). IntCal. https://intcal.org/

Jull, A. J. T., & Elliott, K. (Eds.). (2024). Radiocarbon. Cambridge University Press. https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/radiocarbon#

The Chrono Centre. (n.d.). 14Chrono. Queen’s University Belfast. https://14chrono.org/about/history/

Assignment 1

Gibbard, P. L., & Head, M. J. (2010). The newly-ratified definition of the Quaternary System/Period and redefinition of the Pleistocene Series/Epoch, and comparison of proposals advanced prior to formal ratification. Episodes, 33(3), 152–158. https://doi.org/10.18814/epiiugs/2010/v33i3/002

Hajdas, I. (2008). Radiocarbon dating and its applications in Quaternary studies. Quaternary Science Journal, 57(1/2), 2–24. https://doi.org/10.3285/eg.57.1-2.1

Reimer, P. J., Austin, W. E. N., Bard, E., Bayliss, A., Blackwell, P. G., Bronk Ramsey, C., Butzin, M., Cheng, H., Edwards, R. L., Friedrich, M., Grootes, P. M., Guilderson, T. P., Hajdas, I., Heaton, T. J., Hogg, A. G., Hughen, K. A., Kromer, B., Manning, S. W., Muscheler, R., Palmer, J. G., … Talamo, S. (2020). The IntCal20 northern hemisphere radiocarbon age calibration curve (0–55 cal kBP). Radiocarbon, 62(4), 725–757. https://doi.org/10.1017/RDC.2020.41

Unit 3: Dating Using Long-Lived and Short-Lived Radioactive Isotopes

References

Margold, M., Gosse, J. C., Hidy, A. J., Woywitka, R. J., Young, J. M., & Froese, D. G. (2019). Beryllium-10 dating of the Foothills Erratics Train in Alberta, Canada, indicates detachment of the Laurentide Ice Sheet from the Rocky Mountains at ~15 ka. Quaternary Research, 92(2), 469-482. https://doi.org/10.1017/qua.2019.10

Suavet, G., Bourrilon, R., Conkey, M., Fritz, C., Gárate-Maidagan, D., Vilá, O. R., Tosello, G., & White, R. (2017). Uranium-thorium dating method and Palaeolithic rock art. Quaternary International, 432(B), 86–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2015.03.053

Supplementary Resources

Alexanderson, H., Möller, P., Jain, M., Knudsen, M. F., Larsen, N. K., Perić, Z. M., Søndergaard, A. S., & Thompson, W. (2024). Couple luminescence and cosmogenic nuclide dating of postglacial deflation surfaces and sand drift on a raised ice-contact delta at Veinge, SW Sweden. Quaternary Geochronology, 80, 101500. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quageo.2024.101500

Buryak, S. D., Reyes, A. V., Jensen, B. J. L., Davies, J. H. F. L., Westgate, J. A., Dufrane, S. A., Luo, Y., Froese, D. G., Pearson, D. G., & Benowitz, J. A. (2022). Laser-ablation ICP-MS zircon U-Pb ages for key Pliocene-Pleistocene tephra beds in unglaciated Yukon and Alaska. Quaternary Geochronology, 73, 101398. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quageo.2022.101398

Condomines, M., Bentaleb, I., Filaitai, E., Robert, A., & Milhas, C. (2022). Comparison of 14C and 210Pb – 137Cs – 241Am dating methods of a recent bat guano deposit (Lot, SW France). Quaternary Geochronology, 73, 101400. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quageo.2022.101400

Guillou, H., Scao, V., Nomade, S., Van Vliet-Lanoë, B., Liorzou, C., & Guðmundsson, Á. (2023). Combine unspiked K–Ar and 40Ar/39Ar dating applied to the dating of 80–260 ka old Icelandic sub-glacial rhyolites. Quaternary Geochronology, 77, 101457. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quageo.2023.101457

Liu, S., Narentuya, Xia, B., Chu, G., & Tian, M. (2012). Using 210Pbuns and 137Cs to date recent sediment cores from the Badain Jaran Desert, Inner Mongolia, China. Quaternary Geochronology, 12, 30–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quageo.2012.06.001

Yang, L., Wang, F., Feng, H., Wu, L., & Shi, W. (2014). 40Ar/39Ar geochronology of Holocene volcanic activity at Changbaishan Tianchi volcano, Northeast China. Quaternary Geochronology, 21, 106–114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quageo.2013.10.008

Unit 4: Radiation Exposure Dating

References

Munyikwa, K., Feathers, J. K., Rittenour, T. M., & Shrimpton, H. K. (2011). Constraining the Late Wisconsinan retreat of the Laurentide ice sheet from western Canada using luminescence ages from postglacial aeolian dunes. Quaternary Geochronology, 6(3–4), 407–422. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quageo.2011.03.010

Priya, Arnold, L. J., Guilarte, V., Duval, M., Demuro, M., Weij, R., & Reed, E. H. (2022). ESR and OSL dating of fossil-bearing deposits from Naracoorte Cave Complex palaeontological sites, south Australia. Quaternary Geochronology, 69, 101270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quageo.2022.101270

Supplementary Resources

Arous, E. B., Duval, M., & Bateman, M. D. (2022). ESR dating of optically bleached quartz grains from Plio-Pleistocene to Holocene coastal dune deposits (Wilderness-Knysna area, South Africa): A comparison with luminescence. Quaternary Geochronology, 70, 101293. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quageo.2022.101293

Bahain, J.-J., Farkh, S., Falguères, C., Shao, Q., Voinchet, P., Ghaleb, B., Hérisson, D., Locht, J.-L., Limondin-Lozouet, N., Auguste, P., Gautheir, A., Dabkowski, J., Deschodt, L., & Antoine, P. (2022). ESR/U-series dating of Eemian human occupations of Northern France. Quaternary Geochronology, 71, 101305. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quageo.2022.101305

Demuro, M., Arnold, L. J., Froese, D. G., & Roberts, R. G. (2013). OSL dating of loess deposits bracketing Sheep Creek tephra beds, northwest Canada: Dim and problematic single-grain OSL characteristics and their effect on multi-grain age estimates. Quaternary Geochronology, 15, 67–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quageo.2012.11.003

Falguères, C., Sémah, F., Saleki, H., Hameau, S., Tu, H., Féraud, G., Simanjuntak, H., & Widianto, H. (2016). Geochronology of early human settlements in Java: What is at stake? Quaternary International, 416, 5–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2015.10.076

Munyikwa, K., Rittenour, T. M., & Feathers, J. K. (2017). Temporal constraints for the Late Wisconsinan deglaciation of western Canada using eolian dune luminescence chronologies from Alberta. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 470, 147–165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2016.12.034

Reyes, A. V., Jensen, B. J. L., Zazula, G. D., Ager, T. A., Kuzmina, S., La Farge, C., & Froese, D. G. (2010). A late-Middle Pleistocene (Marine Isotope Stage 6) vegetated surface buried by Old Crow tephra at the Palisades, interior Alaska. Quaternary Science Reviews, 29(5–6), 801–811. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.12.003

Wen, X., Bartz, M., Schmidt, C., & King, G. E. (2024). ESR and luminescence thermochronometry of the Rhône valley, Switzerland. Quaternary Geochronology, 80, 101496. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quageo.2023.101496

Westgate, J. A., Pillans, B. J., Alloway, B. V., Pearce, N. J. G., & Simmonds, P. (2021). New fission-track ages of Australasian tektites define two age groups: Discriminating between formation and reset ages. Quaternary Geochronology, 66, 101113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quageo.2020.101113

Wintle, A. G. (2008). Luminescence dating: Where is has been and where it is going. Boreas, 37(4), 471–482. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1502-3885.2008.00059.x

Assignment 2

Sauvet, G., Bourrillon, R., Conkey, M., Fritz, C., Gárate-Maidagan, D., Rivero Vilá, O., Tosello, G., & White, R. (2017). Uranium-thorium dating method and Palaeolithic rock art. Quaternary International, 432(B), 86–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2015.03.053

Margold, M., Gosse, J. C., Hidy, A. J., Woywitka, R. J., Young, J. M., & Froese, D. (2019). Beryllium-10 dating of the Foothills Erratics Train in Alberta, Canada, indicates detachment of the Laurentide Ice Sheet from the Rocky Mountains at ~15 ka. Quaternary Research, 92(2), 469–482. https://doi.org/10.1017/qua.2019.10

Unit 5: Dating Using Annually Banded Records

References

Gaire, N. P., Dhakal, Y. R., Skah, S. K., Fan, Z.-X., Bräuning, A., Thapa, U. K., Bhandari, S., Aryal, S., & Bhuju, D. R. (2019). Drought (scPDSI) reconstruction of trans-Himalayan region of central Himalaya using Pinus wallichiana tree-rings. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 514, 251–264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2018.10.026

van Wyk de Vries, M., Ito, E., Romero, M., Shapley, & Brignone, G. (2023). Periodicity of the Southern Annular Mode in Southern Patagonia, insight from the Lago Argentino varve record. Quaternary Science Reviews, 304, 108009. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2023.108009

Wolff, E. W., Barbante, C., Becagli, S., Bigler, M., Boutron, C. F., Castellano, E., de Angelis, M., Federer, U., Fischer, H., Fundel, F., Hansson, M., Hutterli, M., Jonsell, U., Karlin, T., Kaufmann, P., Lambert, F., Littot, G. C., Mulvaney, R., Röthlisberger, R., … Wegner, A. (2010). Changes in environment over the last 800,000 years from chemical analysis of the EPICA Dome C ice core. Quaternary Science Reviews, 29(1–2), 285–295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.06.013

Supplementary Resources

Fagel, N., Pedreros, P., Alvarez, D., Tylmann, W., Namur, O., Da Silva, A. C., Jana, P., Araneda, A., Billy, I., Schmidt, S., & Urrutia, R. (2021). Last millennium climate variability of the varved Lake Jeinimeni geochemical record from NE Chilean Patagonia. Quaternary Science Reviews, 269, 107134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.107134

Franco-Ramos, O., Stoffel, M., & Vázquez-Selem, L. (2017). Tree-ring based reconstruction of rockfalls at Coffre de Perote volcano, Mexico. Geomorphology, 290, 142–152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2017.04.003

Kalanke, J., Mingram, J., Lauterbach, S., Usubaliev, R., Tjallingii, R., & Brauer, A. (2020). Seasonal deposition processes and chronology of a varved Holocene lake sediment record from Chatyr Kol lake (Kyrgyz Republic). Geochronology, 2(1), 133–154. https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-2-133-2020

Schlolaut, G., Staff, R. A., Brauer, A., Lamb, H. F., Marshall, M. H., Ramsey, C. B., & Nakagawa, T. (2018). An extended and revised Lake Suigetsu varve chronology from ~50 to ~10 ka BP based on detailed sediment micro-facies analyses. Quaternary Science Reviews, 200, 351–366. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.09.021

Seierstad, I. K., Abbott, P. M., Bigler, M., Blunier, T., Bourne, A. J., Brook, E., Buchardt, S. L., Buizert, C., Clausen, H. B., Cook, E., Dahl-Jensen, D., Davies, S. M., Guillevic, M., Johnsen, S. J., Pedersen, D. S., Popp, T. J., Rasmussen, S. O., Severinghaus, J. P., Svensson, A., & Vinther, B. M. (2014). Consistently dated records from the Greenland GRIP, GISP2 and NGRIP ice cores for the past 104ka reveal regional millennial-scale δ18O gradients with possible Heinrich event imprint. Quaternary Science Reviews, 106, 29–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.10.032

Vallelonga, P., Gabrielli, P., Balliana, E., Wegner, A., Delmonte, B., Turetta, C., Burton, G., Vanhaecke, F., Rosman, K. J. R., Hong, S., Boutron, C. F., Cescon, P., & Barbante, C. (2010). Lead isotopic compositions in the EPICA Dome C ice core and Southern Hemisphere Potential Source Areas. Quaternary Science Reviews, 29(1–2), 247–255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.06.019

Walsh, A. A., Blockley, S. P. E., Milner, A. M., & Martin-Puertas, C. (2023). Updated age constraints on key tephra markers for NW Europe based on a high-precision varve lake chronology. Quaternary Science Reviews, 300, 107897. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2022.107897

Online Resources

Benner, J. (2008). North American glacial varve project. Tufts University. https://varves.as.tufts.edu/

British Antarctic Survey. (2000, February 14). Greenland ice core project (GRIP). http://www.nerc-bas.ac.uk/public/icd/grip/griplist.html

Nottingham Tree-Ring Dating Laboratory. (n.d.). Introduction. http://www.tree-ringdating.co.uk/introduction.php

The University of Arizona. (2024). Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research. https://ltrr.arizona.edu/

University of Copenhagen. (n.d.). Current projects and collaborations. Centre for Ice and Climate Niels Bohn Institute. https://www.iceandclimate.nbi.ku.dk/projects_cic/

Worthington, M., & Seiter, J. (2020). Oxford Tree-Ring Laboratory. https://www.dendrochronology.com/

Unit 6: Relative Dating Methods

Reference

Stevenson, C., Rogers, A. K., Novak, S. W., & Ambrose, W. (2021). A molecular model or obsidian hydration dating. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 36, 102824. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2021.102824

Supplementary Resources

Dreibrodt, S., Langan, C. C. M., Fuchs, M., & Bork, H.-R. (2023). Anthropogenic impact on erosion, pedogenesis and fluvial processes in the central European landscapes of the eastern Harz mountains forelands (Germany). Quaternary Science Reviews, 303, 107980. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2023.107980

Murray-Wallance, C. V., Richter, J., & Vogelsang, R. (2015). Aminostratigraphy and taphonomy of ostrich eggshell in the sedimentary infill of Apollo 11 Rockshelter, Namibia. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 4, 143–151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2015.09.006

Pillans, B., & Fifield, L. K. (2013). Erosion rates and weathering history of rock surfaces associated with Aboriginal rock art engravings (petroglyphs) on Burrup Peninsula, Western Australia, from cosmogenic nuclide measurements. Quaternary Science Reviews, 69, 98–106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2013.03.001

Stevenson, C. M., Rogers, A. K., & Glascock, M. D. (2019). Variability in obsidian structural water content and its importance in the hydration dating of cultural artifacts. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 23, 231–242. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2018.10.032

Tesakov, A. S., Frolov, P. D., Titov, V. V., Dickinson, M., Meijer, T., Parfitt, S. A., Preece, R. C., & Penkman, K. E. H. (2020). Aminostratigraphical test of the East European Mammal Zonation for the late Neogene and Quaternary. Quaternary Science Reviews, 245, 106434. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106434

Assignment 3

Van Wyk de Vries, M., Ito, E., Romero, M., Shapley, M., & Brignone, G. (2023). Periodicity of the Southern Annular Mode in Southern Patagonia, insight from the Lago Argentino varve record. Quaternary Science Reviews, 205, 108009. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2023.108009

Gaire, N. P., Dhakal, Y. R., Shah, S. K., Fan, Z.-X., Bräuning, A., Thapa, U. K., Bhandari, S., Aryal, S., & Bhuju, D. R. (2019). Drought (scPDSI) reconstruction of trans-Himalayan region of central Himalaya using Pinus wallichiana tree-rings. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 514, 251–264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2018.10.026

Wolff, E. W., Barbante, C., Becagli, S., Bigler, M., Boutron, C. F., Castellano, E., de Angelis, M., Federer, U., Fischer, H., Fundel, F., Hansson, M., Hutterli, M., Jonsell, U., Karlin, T., Kaufmann, P., Lambert, F., Littot, G. C., Mulvaney, R., Röthlisberger, R., Ruth, U., … Wegner, A. (2010). Changes in environment over the last 800,000 years from chemical analysis of the EPICA Dome C ice core. Quaternary Science Reviews, 29(1–2), 285–295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.06.013

Unit 7: Techniques for Establishing Age Equivalence

References

Bartz, M., Rixhon, G., Duval, M., King, G. E., Álvarez Posada, C., Parés, J. M., & Brüchner, H. (2018). Successful combination of electron spin resonance, luminescence and palaeomagnetic dating methods allows reconstruction of the Pleistocene evolution of the lower Moulouya river (NE Morocco). Quaternary Science Reviews, 185, 153–171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2017.11.008

Pyne-O’Donnell, S. D. F., Hughes, P. D. M., Froese, D. G., Jensen, B. J. L., Kuehn, S. C., Mallon, G., Amesbury, M. J., Charman, D. J., Daley, T. J., Loader, N. J., Mauquoy, D., Street-Perrott, F. A., & Woodman-Ralph, J. (2012). High-precision ultra-distal Holocene tephrochronology in North America. Quaternary Science Reviews, 52, 6–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.07.024

Supplementary Resources

Bosq, M., Kreutzer, S., Bertran, P., Degeai, J.-P., Dugas, P., Kadereit, A., Lanos, P. Moine, O., Pfaffner, N., Queffelec, A., & Sauer, D. (245). Chronostratigraphy of two Late Pleistocene loess-palaeosol sequences in the Rhône Valley (southeast France). Quaternary Science Review, 245, 106473. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106473

Duval, M., Arnold, L. J., Bahain, J.-J., Parés, J. M., Demuro, M., Falguères, C., Shao, Q., Voinchet, P., Arnaud, J., Berto, C., Berruti, G. L. F., Daffara, S., Sala, B., & Arzarello, M. (2024). Re-examining the earliest evidence of human presence in western Europe: New dating results from Pirro Nord (Italy). Quaternary Geochronology, 82, 101519. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quageo.2024.101519

Lowe, D. J. (2011). Tephrochronology and its application: A review. Quaternary Geochronology, 6(2), 107–153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quageo.2010.08.003

Martínez Fontaine, C., Siana, G., Delpech, G., Michel, E., Villarosa, G., Manssouri, F., & Nouet, J. (2021). Post-glacial tephrochronology record off the Chilean continental margin (~41° S). Quaternary Science Reviews, 261, 106928. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.106928

Wastegård, S., Gudmundsdóttir, E. R., Lind, E. M., Timms, R. G. O., Björck, S., Hannon, G. E., Olsen, J., & Rundgren, M. (2018). Towards a Holocene tephrochronology for the Faroe Islands, North Atlantic. Quaternary Science Reviews, 195, 195–214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.07.024

Online Resources

Blockley, S. (2009). RHOXTOR (external organisation). Royal Holloway University of London. https://pure.royalholloway.ac.uk/en/activities/rhoxtor-external-organisation-2

Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center. (2018). USGS Tephrochronology (Tephra) Project. USGS. https://www.usgs.gov/centers/gmeg/science/usgs-tephrochronology-tephra-project

University of Edinburgh. (1995). Tephrabase: A tephrochronological database. Tephrabase. https://www.tephrabase.org/

Unit 8: Dating the Future

References

Aciego, S. Bourdon, B., Schwander, J., Baur, H., & Forieri, A. (2011). Toward a radiometric ice clock: Uranium ages of the Dome C ice core. Quaternary Science Reviews, 30(19–20), 2389–2397. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2011.06.008

Ho, S. Y. W., & Duchêne, S. (2014). Molecular-clock methods for estimating evolutionary rates and timescales. Molecular Ecology, 23(24), 5947–5965. https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.12953

Supplementary Resources

Brock, F., Higham, T., Ditchfield, P., & Bronk Ramsey, C. (2016). Current pretreatment methods for AMS radiocarbon dating at the Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit (Orau). Radiocarbon, 52(1), 103–112. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033822200045069

Currie, L. A. (2004). The remarkable metrological history of radiocarbon dating [II]. Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, 109(2), 185–217. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27366605/

Kumar, P. (2016). Accelerator mass spectrometry – an ultrasensitive dating and tracing technique. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 755, 012005. doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/755/1/012005

Sawafuji, R., Tsutaya, T., Takahata, N., Winther Pedersen, M., & Ishida, H. (2024). East and Southeast Asian hominin dispersal and evolution: A review. Quaternary Science Reviews, 333, 108669. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2024.108669

Welte, C., Wacker, L., Hattendorf, B., Christl, M., Fohlmeister, J., Breitenbach, S. F. M., Robinson, L. F., Andrews, A. H., Freiwald, A., Farmer, J. R., Yeman, C., Synal, H.-A., & Günther, D. (2016). Laser ablation – accelerator mass spectrometry: An approach for rapid radiocarbon analyses of carbonate archives at high spatial resolution. Analytical Chemistry, 88(17), 8570–8576. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.6b01659

Online Resource

Stocker, T. (2025). European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica (EPICA). European Science Foundation. http://archives.esf.org/coordinating-research/research-networking-programmes/life-earth-and-environmental-sciences-lee/completed-esf-research-networking-programmes-in-life-earth-and-environmental-sciences/european-project-for-ice-coring-in-antarctica-epica-page-1/more-information.html

Assignment 4

All required readings included in previous units.