Digital Reading Room 2.0 -- ARCH 204: History of Ideas in Architecture I

ARCH 204: History of Ideas in Architecture I Report a Broken Link

Course Orientation

Encyclopaedia Britannica. (n.d.). https://www.britannica.com/

Encyclopedia.com. (n.d.). https://www.encyclopedia.com/

Wikipedia. (n.d.) Welcome to Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page

Historyworld. (n.d.). https://www.historyworld.net/

The Metropolitan Museum of Art. (n.d.). Heilburnn timeline of art history. The Met. https://www.metmuseum.org/essays/timeline-of-art-history

ThoughtCo. (n.d.). Architecture. https://www.thoughtco.com/architecture-4132953

Archnet. (n.d.). https://www.archnet.org/

World Heritage Site. (n.d.). https://www.worldheritagesite.org/

Templenet. (n.d.). http://www.templenet.com/

Asian Historical Architecture. (n.d.). https://www.orientalarchitecture.com/index

Neighbor Parent, M. (2001). Welcome to JAANUS. JAANUS. https://www.aisf.or.jp/~jaanus/

UNESCO World Heritage Convention. (n.d.). World heritage. https://whc.unesco.org/

Unit 1

Sandwell, B. (2011). Architecture. CREDO Reference. https://search.credoreference.com/articles/Qm9va0FydGljbGU6MTE3MjU2Ng==

Case Study 1

Great pyramid of Giza. (2025, June 2). In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Great_Pyramid_of_Giza&oldid=1293557575

Encyclopaedia Britannica. (2025, May 8). Pyramid. In Encyclopaedia Britannica. Retrieved June 3, 2025, from https://www.britannica.com/technology/pyramid-architecture

National Geographic UK. (2021, November 7). Building the great pyramid of Giza | Lost treasures of Egypt | National Geographic UK [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dWq0iC4YqbE

Case Study 2

German, S. (n.d.). Ziggurat of Ur. Khan Academy. https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/ancient-art-civilizations/ancient-near-east1/x7e914f5b:neo-sumerian-ur-iii/a/ziggurat-of-ur

Architecture of Mesopotamia. (2025, May 24). In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Architecture_of_Mesopotamia&oldid=1292008391

iraqi843668923659826. (2010, May 14). The Babylon mystery part 1 [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JQIWDPTIYGk

Case Study 3

German, S. (n.d.). Stonehenge. Khan Academy. https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/ap-art-history/global-prehistory-ap/paleolithic-mesolithic-neolithic-apah/a/stonehenge

Stonhenge.co.uk. (n.d.). Visit stonehenge. Retrieved June 3, 2025, from https://www.stonehenge.co.uk/

National Geographic. (2008, June 2). Secrets of stonehenge | National Geographic [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-6oxmxPKoSE

Case Study 4

Zimmerman, R. (n.d.). Native American culture of the southeast. Khan Academy. https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/us-history/precontact-and-early-colonial-era/before-contact/a/native-american-culture-in-the-southeast

National Park Service. (2016, April 4). Poverty point. https://www.nps.gov/popo/index.htm

Case Study 5

Mohenjo-daro. (2025, May 25). In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mohenjo-daro&oldid=1292200021

UNESCO World Heritage Convention. (n.d.). Archaeological ruins at Moenjodaro. https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/138

Case Study 6

Megalithic temples of Malta. (2025, May 1). In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Megalithic_Temples_of_Malta&oldid=1288264643

DaniMif. (2009, January 25). Megalithic temple in Malta [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S-R5BzUf2-s

Case Study 7

Caral. (2025, May 25). In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Caral&oldid=1292065051

UNESCO World Heritage Convention. (2009, June 28). Cities of Caral-Supe (Peru) and Levoča (Slovakia) added to UNESCO's world heritage list. https://whc.unesco.org/en/news/534

UNESCO. (2013, September 20). Sacred city of Caral-Supe (UNESCO/NHK) [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6RDOuSCp9VM

Case Study 8

Tomb of Fu Hao. (2025, March 31). In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tomb_of_Fu_Hao&oldid=1283343218

Mingren, W. (2014, November 1). Lady Fu Hao and her lavish tomb of the Shang Dynasty. Ancient Origins. https://www.ancient-origins.net/ancient-places-asia/lady-fu-hao-and-her-lavish-tomb-shang-dynasty-002278

Case Study 9

Qin Shi Huang. (2025, June 1). In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Qin_Shi_Huang&oldid=1293380022

Li, G. (2025, April 28). Qin Shi Huang mausoleum (mausoleum of the first Qin emperor). Travel China Guide. https://www.travelchinaguide.com/attraction/shaanxi/xian/terra_cotta_army/mausoleum_1.htm

Xinhua News Agency. (2002, August 26). Mystery of Qin Shi Huang mausoleum revealed. China.org. http://www.china.org.cn/english/culture/40333.htm

Huang Bobo. (2014, May 29). CNN the mausoleum of Emperor Qin Shihuang special edition 05 28 2014 world heritage China part 22 o [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jELt2YjFwnw

Case Study 10

Gamla Uppsala. (2025, April 15). In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gamla_Uppsala&oldid=1285720236

Architecture Courses. (n.d.). Viking tombs at Old Uppsala. Retrieved June 3, 2025, from https://www.architecturecourses.org/learn/viking-tombs-old-uppsala

Case Study 11

Emperor Nintoku. (2022, July 21). In Wikipedia. https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Emperor_Nintoku&oldid=8354581

Kawagoe, A. (n.d.). Towering tumuli of the Kofun era. Heritage of Japan. Retrieved June 3, 2025, from https://heritageofjapan.wordpress.com/following-the-trail-of-tumuli/

Unit 2

Case Study 1

Precinct of Amun-Re. (2025, April 22). In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Precinct_of_Amun-Re&oldid=1286871934

Ziggurathsss. (2011, February 23). Egypt - Karnak - A hidden history. 1/3 [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=33JGzwmo0t4

Case Study 2

Knossos. (2025, June 3). In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Knossos&oldid=1293714876

Hirst, K. K. (2025, May 12). The palace of Minos at Knossos. ThoughtCo. https://www.thoughtco.com/palace-of-minos-archaeology-171715

Kritidis, P. (2009, March 4). Knossos - the palace of Minos [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bgx5xS7dBJk

Travel365. (2009, April 2). Knossos Greece - Crete island - the palace of Minos [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wzkpO2wqwAY

Case Study 3

Abu Simbel. (2025, May 22). In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Abu_Simbel&oldid=1291675404

Shafik Ramzy, N. (2015). The genius loci at the great temple of Abu Simbel. Hermeneutic reading in the architectural language of ancient Egyptian temples of Ramses II in Nubia. Journal of Ancient History and Archeology, 2.2. https://doi.org/10.14795/j.v2i2.106

جميلة يا بلدي. (2012, March 8). Temple of Abu Simbel [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R4qlqdOAzvg

Case Study 4

Temple mount. (2025, May 22). In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Temple_Mount&oldid=1291651787

Milligan, J., Dolphin, L., & Kollen, M. (2022, September 20). The Temple Mount in Jerusalem. https://www.templemount.org/

UCLA. (2008, September 10). Jerusalem's temple mount (The urban simulation team at UCLA) [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_xgcVmo1aUQ

Case Study 5

Persepolis. (2025, June 1). In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Persepolis&oldid=1293331506

Moghaddam, D. (2002). Parse or Persepolis. Iran Chamber Society. https://www.iranchamber.com/history/persepolis/persepolis1.php

UNESCO World Heritage Convention. (n.d.). Persepolis. https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/114

Zifan, M. (2009, January 3). Persepolis 3D (a virtual reconstruction) [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3fdJNjF0lcY

Case Study 6

Parthenon. (2025, May 30). In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Parthenon&oldid=1293114776

Ancient Greece. (n.d.). The Parthenon. https://ancient-greece.org/greek-art/the-parthenon/

Encyclopaedia Britannica. (2025, May 19). Elgin marbles. In Encyclopaedia Britannica. Retrieved June 3, 2025, from https://www.britannica.com/topic/Elgin-Marbles

Case Study 7

Erechtheum Propylaea. (2009, July 13). In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Erechtheum_Propylaea.jpg

Gonzalez, G., & Prosise, J. (2000). The acropolis. http://www.grisel.net/acropolis.htm

FlatPyramid 3D Models. (2011, May 29). Acropolis 3D models, pathenon, erechtheion, propylaea, temple nike review [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ohY0ZFnKDas

Case Study 9

Chaitya. (2025, June 3). In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chaitya&oldid=1293754125

Unit 3

Case Study 1

Great Wall of China. (2025, May 23). In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Great_Wall_of_China&oldid=1291756742

China Highlights. (n.d.). Great Wall of China: Length, history, map, why and when built it. https://www.chinahighlights.com/greatwall/

National Geographic. (2008, May 1). Building the Great Wall | National Geographic [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AB4nXADdPPY

Case Study 2

Theobald, U. (2017). The bright hall. China Knowledge. http://www.chinaknowledge.de/History/Terms/mingtang.html

Case Study 3

Teotihuacan. (2025, May 23). In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Teotihuacan&oldid=1291829708

UNESCO World Heritage Convention. (n.d.). Pre-Hispanic city of Teotihuacan. https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/414

Ancient Americas. (2021, June 10). Teotihuacan: Where one becomes a god [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aV6ZZZsCjK8

Case Study 4

De architectura. (2025, May 17). In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=De_architectura&oldid=1290785118

Thayer, B. (2017, June 1). Vitruvius: On architecture. https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Vitruvius/home.html

Case Study 5

Baalbek. (2025, June 2). In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Baalbek&oldid=1293541177

Case Study 6

Colesseum. (2025, May 23). In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Colosseum&oldid=1291844960

Alvarez, F. (n.d.). The Colosseum. Rome Info. https://www.rome.info/attractions/colosseum/

Smarthistory. (2020, July 19). The Colosseum [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7FpQ1CmcPYQ

Case Study 7

Trajan's Column. (2025, May 18). In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Trajan%27s_Column&oldid=1291060523

Trajan's Forum. (2025, April 26). In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Trajan%27s_Forum&oldid=1287448248

Fox, A. (2019). Trajanic trees: The Dacian forest on Trajan's Column. Papers of the British School at Rome, 87, 47–69. https://doi.org/10.1017/S006824621800034X

Case Study 8

Pantheon, Rome. (2025, May 23). In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pantheon,_Rome&oldid=1291730652

A View on Cities. (n.d.). Pantheon. https://aviewoncities.com/rome/pantheon

WorldSiteGuides. (2011, January 18). Pantheon, Rome [HD] [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2fM-AiiDoVs

Case Study 9

Hadrian's villa. (2025, May 18). In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hadrian%27s_Villa&oldid=1291058310

ItalyGuides. (n.d.). Hadrian's villa. https://www.italyguides.it/en/lazio/tivoli/hadrian-s-villa

Seindal, R. (2004, October 19). Hadrian's villa. https://sights.seindal.dk/italy/lazio/tivoli/hadrians-villa/

THEWORLDOFTRAVEL. (2010, November 22). Hadrian's villa and Villa d'Este Tivoli Italy UNESCO world heritage site [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=smzW1x7isWk

Case Study 10

Baths of Caracalla. (2025, February 24). In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Baths_of_Caracalla&oldid=1277335448

YaleCourses. (2009, September 14). 17. Bigger is better: The baths of Caracalla and other second- and third-centry buildings in Rome [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zhon2e3vfTo

Case Study 11

Diocletian's palace. (2025, May 22). In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Diocletian%27s_Palace&oldid=1291641495

UNESCO World Heritage Convention. (n.d.). Historical complex of split with the palace of Diocletian. https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/97

Unit 4

Case Study 1

Monte Albán. (2025, May 24). In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Monte_Alb%C3%A1n&oldid=1291956929

UNESCO World Heritage Convention. (n.d.). Historic centre of Oaxaca and archaeological site of Monte Albán. https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/415

MexOnline. (n.d.). Monte Alban -- Archaeological zones -- central valley. http://www.mexonline.com/oaxaca/oxarc101.htm

Exceptionals. (2007, March 15). Monte Alban pt3 [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sv2qlEAMHmc

Case Study 2

Jetavanaramaya. (2025, May 25). In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jetavanaramaya&oldid=1292083117

Case Study 3

Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran. (2025, May 26). In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Archbasilica_of_Saint_John_Lateran&oldid=1292411119

WorldSiteGuides. (2011, January 18). Basilica of St John Lateran, Rome [HD] [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=56kx6OMFL8I

Case Study 4

Old St. Peter's Basilica. (2025, May 18). In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Old_St._Peter%27s_Basilica&oldid=1291062777

Encyclopaedia Britannica. (n.d.). Old Saint Peter's Basilica. In Encyclopaedia Britannica. Retrieved June 3, 2025, from https://www.britannica.com/topic/Old-Saint-Peters-Basilica

Harris, B., & Zucker, S. (n.d.). Bramante, et.al., Saint Peter's Basilica. Khan Academy. https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/renaissance-reformation/high-ren-florence-rome/bramante/a/bramante-etal-saint-peters-basilica

Case Study 5

Hagia Sophia. (2025, June 2). In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hagia_Sophia&oldid=1293499315

TED-Ed. (2014, July 14). It's a church. It's a mosque. It's Hagia Sophia. - Kelly Wall [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KRPp3jzv1Tw

Zucker, S., & Harris, B. (n.d.). Hagia Sophia, Istanbul. Khan Academy. https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/ap-art-history/early-europe-and-colonial-americas/medieval-europe-islamic-world/v/hagia-sophia-istanbul

Case Study 6

Paliou, E., & Knight, D. J. (2010). Mapping the senses: Perceptual and social aspects of late antique liturgy in San Vitale, Ravenna. Proceedings of the 38th Annual Conference on Computer Applications and Quantitative Methods in Archaeology. https://tobias-lib.ub.uni-tuebingen.de/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10900/60845/34_Paliou_Knight_CAA_2010.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y

Basilica of San Vitale. (2025, May 26). In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Basilica_of_San_Vitale&oldid=1292338775

Encyclopaedia Britannica. (n.d.). Church of San Vitale. In Encyclopaedia Britannica. Retrieved June 3, 2025, from https://www.britannica.com/place/Church-of-San-Vitale

Case Study 7

Hōryū-ji. (2025, May 16). In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=H%C5%8Dry%C5%AB-ji&oldid=1290758207

Satoshi, Y. (n.d.). The tradition of wood architecture in Japan. https://www.nara.accu.or.jp/img/elearning/2006/tradition.pdf

Kimizuka, W. (2011). Horyuji-temple. 360 Cities. https://www.360cities.net/image/houryuji-temple#99.51,-25.52,80.0

Unit 5

Case Study 1

Chang'an. (2025, May 27). In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chang%27an&oldid=1292497536

Waugh, D. C. (2001). Xi'an/Chang'an. Silk Road Seattle. https://depts.washington.edu/silkroad/cities/china/xian/xian.html

Case Study 2

Tiwanaku. (2025, June 2). In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tiwanaku&oldid=1293580497

Sapozhnikov, R. (2008). Archaeological complex Tiwanaku. https://www.tiwy.com/pais/bolivia/tiwanaku/eng.phtml

Case Study 3

Church of the Holy Sepulchre. (2025, May 31). In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Church_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre&oldid=1293159187

Aykut-ince. (2013, November 11). Church of the Holy Sepulchre - atrium. 360tr. https://www.360tr.com/church-of-the-holy-sepulchre-atrium-panorama-virtual-tour_9cc4a66367_en.htmlindex.html

Case Study 4

UNESCO World Heritage Convention. (n.d.). Prambanan temple compounds. https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/642

Shus, S. (2011, September 11). Прамбанан - Лоро Джонггранг (Loro Jonggrang) [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HvepnLaqXhA

Case Study 5

UNESCO World Heritage Convention. (n.d.). Old city of Jerusalem and its walls. https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/148

Dome of the Rock. (2025, May 26). In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dome_of_the_Rock&oldid=1292285459

Encyclopaedia Britannica. (n.d.). Dome of the Rock. In Encyclopaedia Britannica. Retrieved June 3, 2025, from https://www.britannica.com/topic/Dome-of-the-Rock

Strajin, Z. (2011). Dome of the Rock, Temple Mount, Jerusalem - early in the morning. 360 Cities. https://www.360cities.net/image/dome-of-the-rock-temple-mount-jerusalem-early-in-the-morning?utm_medium=all_images&utm_source=google_earth#172.92,0.37,64.5

Case Study 6

Mosque-Cathedral of Córdoba. (2025, May 3). In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mosque%E2%80%93Cathedral_of_C%C3%B3rdoba&oldid=1288558832

UNESCO World Heritage Convention. (n.d.). Historic centre of Cordoba. https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/313

Al-Abbasi, S. (2009, August 20). Great mosque of Cordoba Spain [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4y4sa0L4IgQ

Case Study 7

Richarius. (2025, May 14). In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Richarius&oldid=1290313121

Case Study 8

Plan of Saint Gall. (2025, April 30). In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Plan_of_Saint_Gall&oldid=1288090808

UCLA Library. (n.d.). St. Gall manuscripts. https://digital.library.ucla.edu/catalog/ark:/21198/zz0015vcjk

Case Study 9

Borobudur. (2025, June 2). In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Borobudur&oldid=1293519885

UNESCO World Heritage Convention. (n.d.). Borobudur temple compounds. https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/592

Encyclopaedia Britannica. (2025, May 8). Borobudur. In Encyclopaedia Britannica. Retrieved June 3, 2025, from https://www.britannica.com/topic/Borobudur

myVideoMedia. (2012, February 23). Borobudur, Java - Indonesia travel channel [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZCxvPgCh1qs

Case Study 10

Great Mosque of Samarra. (2025, May 16). In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Great_Mosque_of_Samarra&oldid=1290706750

UNESCO World Heritage Convention. (n.d.). Samarra archaeological city. https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/276/

Case Study 11

Bagan. (2025, April 19). In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bagan&oldid=1286429571

Unit 6

Case Study 1

McKnight Sethi, C. (n.d.). Sacred space and symbolic form at Lakshmana Temple, Khajuraho (India). Khan Academy. https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/ap-art-history/south-east-se-asia/india-art/a/lakshmana-temple-india

Asian Historical Architecture. (n.d.). Lakshmana Temple, Khajuraho, India. https://www.orientalarchitecture.com/sid/162/india/khajuraho/lakshmana-temple

Case Study 2

Copán. (2025, June 3). In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cop%C3%A1n&oldid=1293667459

LetsGoHonduras. (2009, August 30). Honduras: The ruins of Copan [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tr2DB-nMaLQ

Case Study 3

Morse, S. C. (Trans.). (n.d.). Todaiji. https://www.todaiji.or.jp/en/

Asian Historical Architecture. (n.d.). Todai-ji Temple, Nara, Japan. https://www.orientalarchitecture.com/sid/220/japan/nara/todai-ji-temple

UNESCO. (2010, June 3). Historic monuments of ancient Nara (UNESCO/NHK) [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hle43IAxF6s

Case Study 4

Chichen Itza. (2025, May 25). In Wikipedia. http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chichen_Itza&oldid=1292151702

UNESCO World Heritage Convention. (n.d.). Pre-Hispanic city of Chichen-Itza. https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/483

Case Study 5

Palatine Chapel, Aachen. (2025, May 7). In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Palatine_Chapel,_Aachen&oldid=1289281401

Palace of Aachen. (2025, June 1). In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Palace_of_Aachen&oldid=1293446165

Kleinbauer, W. E. (1965). Charlemagne's palace chapel at Aachen and its copies. Gesta, 4, 2–11. https://doi.org/10.2307/766678

Case Study 6

Asian Historical Architecture. (n.d.). Byodo-in temple, Kyoto, Japan. https://www.orientalarchitecture.com/sid/202/japan/kyoto/byodo-in-temple

Cartwright, M. (2017, May 26). Byodo-in. In World History Encyclopedia. Retrieved June 4, 2025, from https://www.worldhistory.org/Byodo-in/

Macfarlane, A. (2007, May 10). Byodo-in temple in Kyoto, 2006 [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iL2qR6pTpng

Case Study 7

Durham cathedral. (2025, May 26). In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Durham_Cathedral&oldid=1292334757

UNESCO World Heritage Convention. (n.d.). Durham castle and cathedral. https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/370

Goodwill, M.-A. (2011, February 10). Durham cathedral: Builders & buildings [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ir7gcWheEFE

Northern Architecture. (2011, April 27). The floorplan at Durham cathedral.wmv [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FBw1dNYK4go

Case Study 8

Sun temple, Modhera. (2025, April 24). In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sun_Temple,_Modhera&oldid=1287153945

Patel, K. (2009, July 16). Sun temple Modhera [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kGz_qIyQBig

Case Study 9

China Highlights. (n.d.). Yingxian wooden pagoda. https://www.chinahighlights.com/datong/attraction/yingxian-wooden-pagoda.htm

Case Study 10

Jinci 1. (2009, October 14). In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Jinci_1.jpg

Miller, T. G. (2004). Water sprites and ancestor spirits: Reading the architecture of Jinci. The Art Bulletin, 86(1), 6–30. https://doi.org/10.2307/3177398

Case Study 11

Speyer cathedral. (2025, April 25). In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Speyer_Cathedral&oldid=1287366596

UNESCO World Heritage Convention. (n.d.). Speyer cathedral. https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/168

UNESCO. (2010, June 3). Speyer cathedral (UNESCO/NHK) [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ij_UbXpcKJE

Case Study 12

Piazza dei Miracoli. (2025, January 18). In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Piazza_dei_Miracoli&oldid=1270137727

WorldSiteGuides. (2011, January 18). Pisa cathedral, Pisa [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JDeV6MLjClI

Case Study 13

Suger. (2025, May 20). In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Suger&oldid=1291385077

Knight, K. (2023). Suger. New Advent. https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14326a.htm

Hurovi. (2013, April 13). Basilique St. Denis - Paris [Video]. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wxa0LeE9hPo

Case Study 14

Guo, Q. (1998). Yingzao Fashi: Twelfth-century Chinese building manual. Architectural History, 41, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.2307/1568644

Yingzao Fashi. (2025, May 6). In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yingzao_Fashi&oldid=1289171586

Architecture of the Song dynasty. (2025, May 30). In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Architecture_of_the_Song_dynasty&oldid=1293071763

Case Study 15

Angkor Wat. (2025, June 1). In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Angkor_Wat&oldid=1293307436

UNESCO World Heritage Convention. (n.d.). Angkor. https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/668

National Geographic. (2008, May 12). Lost city of Angkor Wat | Lost temples [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2dBwMsfse1I

Case Study 16

Itsukushima shrine. (2025, May 4). In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Itsukushima_Shrine&oldid=1288779702

Case Study 17

Qutb Minar. (2025, May 24). In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Qutb_Minar&oldid=1291985575

Nicobar, A. (n.d.). Qutubminar | Qutub minar Delhi. https://www.qutubminar.org/

UNESCO World Heritage Convention. (n.d.). Qutb Minar and its mounuments, Delhi. https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/233

Case Study 18

Chartres cathedral. (2025, May 31). In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chartres_Cathedral&oldid=1293176795

UNESCO World Heritage Convention. (n.d.). Chartres cathedral. https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/81

UNESCO. (2010, June 3). Chartres cathedral (UNESCO/NHK) [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9727p6ozlYo

Case Study 19

Church of the Tithes. (2024, December 31). In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Church_of_the_Tithes&oldid=1266352134

Case Study 20

Hiscock, N., & Hahn, S. L. (2011). [Review of The Portfolio of Villard de Honnecourt: A New Critical Edition and Color Facsimile, by C. F. Barnes, N. Hiscock, & S. L. Hahn]. Isis, 102(3), 555–557. https://doi.org/10.1086/663035

Villard de Honnecourt. (2024, April 8). In Wikimedia Commons. https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Villard_de_Honnecourt&oldid=866816332

Villard de Honnecourt. (2025, May 5). In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Villard_de_Honnecourt&oldid=1288996973

Case Study 21

Florence cathedral. (2025, June 2). In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Florence_Cathedral&oldid=1293574130

Rees, C. T. (2011). Florence, Basilica di Santa Maria del Fiore, baptistry - Battistero di San Giovanni. 360 Cities. https://www.360cities.net/image/florence-basilica-di-santa-maria-del-fiore-baptistry-battistero-di-san-giovanni#-54.88,-6.61,70.0

Sitesandphotosvideo. (2012, Jaunary 7). Italy, Florence cathedral [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=naGvaHLmvuU

Case Study 22

Kinkaku-ji. (2025, May 26). In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kinkaku-ji&oldid=1292381475

Cartwright, M. (2019, May 15). Kikakuji. In World History Encyclopedia. Retrieved June 4, 2025, from https://www.worldhistory.org/Kinkakuji/